Three scientists have won the Nobel Prize in physics for their work in understanding complex systems such as the world's climate.
Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi were announced as winners at the awards ceremony in Stockholm.
Manabe and Hasselmann's work has enabled the creation of a global climate model that can predict the effects of global warming.
Winners will share 10 million kronor (equivalent to 842,611 pounds).
It is very difficult to predict the long-term nature of complex physical systems such as that our planet's climate. But forecasting computers have been able to provide information about greenhouse gas emissions, which has been instrumental in understanding global warming.
Syukuro Manabe, 90, showed how rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could lead to global warming. In the 1960s, he spearheaded the development of climate physics equipment.
About a decade later, 89, developed a computer that combined the weather and climate. His work answered the question of why climate systems can be relied upon despite climate change.
Only four of the winners were women. One physicist, Ohn Bardeen, won the award twice - in 1956 and 1972.
